In LNG tank gauging, the instrumentation typically includes various sensors and devices to accurately measure and monitor the level, temperature, and pressure of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the storage tanks. Here’s a list of typical instrumentation used in LNG tank gauging:
- Level Measurement:
- Radar Level Transmitters: These are often used for non-contact level measurement and can provide accurate readings even in harsh environments.
- Differential Pressure Transmitters: Used in conjunction with pressure sensors at the bottom of the tank to measure the hydrostatic pressure, which is then used to determine the level.
- Float Gauges: Mechanical devices that use floats to indicate the liquid level in the tank.
- Temperature Measurement:
- RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors): These are commonly used to measure the temperature of the LNG.
- Thermocouples: Another type of temperature sensor that can be used to measure LNG temperature.
- Pressure Measurement:
- Pressure Transmitters: These are used to measure the pressure inside the LNG storage tanks.
- Density Measurement:
- Density Gauges: These can be used to measure the density of the LNG, which is important for determining the volume and mass of the stored LNG.
- Safety Instrumentation:
- High-Level Alarms: To indicate when the LNG level in the tank is too high.
- Emergency Shutdown Systems: To shut down the LNG storage and handling systems in case of an emergency.
- Communication and Control:
- SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems: Used for remote monitoring and control of the LNG storage and handling systems.
- PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): Used for controlling various processes in the LNG facility.
These are some of the typical instruments used in LNG tank gauging, but the specific instrumentation can vary depending on the design and requirements of the LNG storage facility.