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WATER TANK LEVEL GAUGES

Water tank level gauges are used to quickly tell how much water is in your storage tank at any given time.

Electronic Indicators

Water tank level gauges with electronic indicators are a convenient way to keep an eye on your water levels from inside your own home or office.

Electronic level gauges consist of a transmitter and a receiver. The electronic indicator inside the tank transmits a wireless signal to a receiver located in the home or office.

Level gauges with electronic indicators eliminate the need for you to go to the actual physical location of the tank to read the water level.

Mechanical Indicators

Water tank level gauges with mechanical indicators work by using a weighted float and an indicator. The indicator is connected to a counter-weight which moves down with the rising water level and lifts up the float.

Level gauges with mechanical indicators are precisely accurate, as the sliding indicator located on the outside of the tank is able to match with the water level exactly.

Unlike level gauges with electronic indicators, those with mechanical indicators will never go down on you. Since there are no electronic parts,no power source is required and certainly no batteries. That makes these gauges an appealing option over those with electronic indicators.

FROM： Rain Harvesting Supplies

JOYO M&C is one of the TOP 2 supplier for SINOPEC and PETROCHINA for over ten years, Our products are also supplied to Russia LUKOIL and some countries in the worldwide.

We are dedicated to create value for customers based on our expertise.

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Simple Digital Water Flow Meter Circuit using

Simple Digital Water Flow Meter Circuit using
We will be taking a look at water flow sensor, its construction and working and how to interface with Arduino to extract some useful readings.

The proposed project can measure the rate of water flow in litre / minute and total water flow in litres.

Let’s take a look at this water flow sensor.

It is a Hall Effect based water sensor. It has three terminals 5V (nominal working voltage), GND and output. The +5V is red coloured wire, the black one is GND and yellow one is output.

The sensor gives out frequency directly proportional to water flow. The sensor can measure from 1 litre / minute to 30 litre / minute. The water pressure should be less than or equal to 1.75 MPa.

The water can be injected from one end and water flows through the other end.

The sensor may be placed after the main gate-valve of tank; if you want to measure the water flow in a network of water pipes or you can place just before a water tap to measure the water flow of single tap.

The placement of the sensor can be anywhere according to user’s need but, care must be taken to avoid leakage of water.

The sensor has a magnet and Hall Effect sensor; if we take a look at the sides of the water flow sensor, we can witness a plastic turbine in the path of water flow.

A round shaped magnet is embedded at the center of the turbine and the Hall Effect sensor is sealed and protected from moisture and placed above the magnet. The Hall Effect sensor produces a pulse for every revolution of the turbine.

Water Flow Waveform on Serial Plotter
We can see the pulses generated by water flow sensor on serial plotter.

We have blown air through the sensor to rotate the turbine as a test and the waveform generated is shown above. The denser waveform on left hand side represents higher frequency and faster rotation of turbine, the less dense waveform at right hand side signifies the vice versa.

A consistent water flow gives out consistent frequency output.

We have to convert the frequency into litre/minute scale. To do this, the manufacturer has given a formula:

Water flow rate (litre/min) = frequency / 7.5
So, we need to measure the generated frequency and apply the above formula in the program code.

FROM:homemade-circuits

JOYO M&C was awarded by Sinopec annual technology innovation awards for its invitational technology for its product and solutions of tank and terminal automation, by which operation is greatly faciliated and efficiency is greatly improved for customers.

 

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Mass or Volumetric Flow Rate

So you want to measure flow? The answer would seem to be to purchase a flowmeter. With fluid flow defined as the amount of fluid that travels past a given location, this would seem to be straightforward — any flowmeter would suffice. However, consider the The following equation describing the flow of a fluid in a pipe.

Q = A x v

Q is flow rate, A is the crosssectional area of ​​the pipe, and v is the average fluid velocity in the pipe. Putting this equation into action, the flow of a fluid traveling at an average velocity of a 1 meter per second through a pipe with a 1 square meter cross-sectional area is 1 cubic meter per second. Note that Q is a volume per unit time, so Q is commonly denoted as the “volumetric” flow rate. Now consider the following equation:

W = rho x Q

Where W is flow rate (again-read on), and rho is the fluid density. Putting this equation into action, the flow rate will be 1 kilogram per second when 1 cubic meter per second of a fluid with a density of 1 kilogram per cubic meter is flowing. (The same can be done for the commonly-used “pounds”. Without getting into details — a pound is assumed to be a mass unit.) Note that W is a mass per unit time, so W is commonly denoted as the “mass” flow rate. Now — which flow do you want to measure? Not sure? In some applications, measuring the volumetric flow is the thing to do.

Consider filling a tank. Volumetric flow may be of interest to avoid overflowing a tank where liquids of differing densities can be added. (Then again, a level transmitter and high level switch / shutoff may obviate the need for a flowmeter.) Consider controlling fluid flow into a process that can only accept a limited volume per unit time. Volumetric flow measurement would seem applicable.

In other processes, mass flow is important. Consider chemical reactions where it is desirable to react substances A, B and C. Of interest is the number of molecules present (its mass), not its volume. Similar, when buying and selling products ( custody transfer) the mass is important, not its volume.
How much maintenance does a flowmeter require?
A number of factors influence maintenance requirements and the life expectancy of flowmeters. The major factor, of course, is matching the right instrument to the particular application. Poorly selected devices invariably will cause problems at an early date. Flowmeters with no moving parts usually will require less attention than units with moving parts. But all flowmeters eventually require some kind of maintenance.

From:omega

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Flow meters of Fluid and flow characteristics

The fluid and its given and its pressure, temperature, allowable pressure drop, density (or specific gravity), conductivity, viscosity (Newtonian or not?) and vapor pressure at maximum operating temperature are listed, together with an indication of how these properties might vary or interact. In addition, all safety or toxicity information should be provided, together with detailed data on the fluid’s composition, presence of bubbles, solids (abrasive or soft, size of particles, fibers), tendency to coat, and light transmission qualities (opaque, translucent or transparent?).
Pressure & Temperature Ranges
Expected minimum and maximum pressure and temperature values should be given in addition to the normal operating values when selecting flowmeters. Whether flow can reverse, whether it does not always fill the pipe, whether slug flow can develop (air-solids-liquid), whether aeration or pulsation is likely, whether sudden temperature changes can occur, or whether special precautions are needed during cleaning and maintenance, these facts, too, should be stated.

Piping and Installation Area
Concerning the piping and the area where the flowmeters are to be located, consider: For the piping, its direction (avoid downward flow in liquid applications), size, material, schedule, flange-pressure rating, accessibility, up or downstream turns, valves, regulators, and available straight-pipe run lengths. The specifying engineer must know if vibration or magnetic fields are present or possible in the area, if electric or pneumatic power is available, if the area is classified for explosion hazards, or if there are other special requirements such as compliance with sanitary or clean-in-place (CIP) regulations.

FROM:omega

Based on 20 years experiences in the industry, JOYO M&C developed many products with invitational and patented technologies, most products and solutions are proven to be  with high competence in terms of functions and performances. JOYO M&C was awarded by Sinopec annual technology innovation awards for its invitational technology for its product and solutions of tank and terminal automation, by which operation is greatly faciliated and efficiency is greatly improved for customers.

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First Steps to Choose the Right Flow Meter

The first step in flow sensor selection is to determine if the flowrate information should be continuous or totalized, and whether this information is needed locally or remotely. If remotely, should the transmission be analog, digital, or shared? And, if shared, what is the required (minimum) data-update frequency? Once these questions are answered, an evaluation of the properties and flow characteristics of the process fluid, and of the piping that will accommodate the flowmeter, should take place.
Fluid and flow characteristics
The fluid and its given and its pressure, temperature, allowable pressure drop, density (or specific gravity), conductivity, viscosity (Newtonian or not?) and vapor pressure at maximum operating temperature are listed, together with an indication of how these properties might vary or interact. In addition, all safety or toxicity information should be provided, together with detailed data on the fluid’s composition, presence of bubbles, solids (abrasive or soft, size of particles, fibers), tendency to coat, and light transmission qualities (opaque, translucent or transparent?).
Pressure & Temperature Ranges
Expected minimum and maximum pressure and temperature values should be given in addition to the normal operating values when selecting flowmeters. Whether flow can reverse, whether it does not always fill the pipe, whether slug flow can develop (air-solids-liquid), whether aeration or pulsation is likely, whether sudden temperature changes can occur, or whether special precautions are needed during cleaning and maintenance, these facts, too, should be stated.

FROM:omega

Based on 20 years experiences in the industry, JOYO M&C developed many products with invitational and patented technologies, most products and solutions are proven to be  with high competence in terms of functions and performances. JOYO M&C was awarded by Sinopec annual technology innovation awards for its invitational technology for its product and solutions of tank and terminal automation, by which operation is greatly faciliated and efficiency is greatly improved for customers.

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What is a Flow Meter?

A flow meter (or flow sensor) is an instrument used to measure linear, nonlinear, mass or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or a gas. When choosing flowmeters, one should consider such intangible factors as familiarity of plant personnel, their experience with calibration and maintenance, spare parts availability, and mean time between failure history, etc., at the particular plant site. It is also recommended that the cost of the installation be computed only after taking these steps.

One of the most common flow measurement mistakes is the reversal of this sequence: instead of selecting a sensor which will perform properly, an attempt is made to justify the use of a device because it is less expensive. Those “inexpensive” purchases can be the most costly installations. This page will help you better understand flow meters.

Established in 1999, located at BDA Beijing, JOYO M&C is a high-tech company focusing on R&D and manufacturing of measurement and control instruments and integrated automation systems equipment for oil terminals, tank farms, refineries and petrochemical complexes.

 

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About multi-point thermometer

The multi-point thermometer adopts a bimetal thermometer, thermocouple or thermal resistance integrated temperature transmission method, which not only meets the needs of on-site temperature measurement, but also meets the needs of long-distance transmission. It can directly measure -80- + 500 ℃ in various production processes Temperature measurement of liquid, vapor and gas medium and solid surface within the scope.

Uses: used to measure various temperature objects, the measurement range is extremely large, much larger than alcohol, mercury thermometer. It is suitable for high temperature areas such as steel making furnaces and coke ovens, and can also measure low temperature objects such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen.
Multi-point thermocouple thermometer is composed of multiple thermocouples, junction box and millivolt thermometer, additional cables and compensation thermocouples, etc. It is mainly used to measure the cylinders and total exhaust of diesel engines or other large diesel engines on ships The temperature of the tube.
1) The total error of the millivolt refers to the total error of the thermometer (divided error and error affected by the change of ambient temperature) should not exceed ± (1.5 + 0.08 | t |)% of the upper reading limit when the ambient temperature is 0— + 60 ℃.
2) Basic error of complete thermometer: ± 2.5%
3) Dimensions: millivoltmeter: 294 × 210 × 127㎜ junction box: 263 × 107 × 92㎜
4) Basic error of millivolt thermometer: ± 1.5%
5) Weight: WRF-11C millivolt thermometer 3.5㎏ WRF-22C millivolt thermometer 4㎏ junction box 3.2㎏
6) Basic error of thermocouple: accord with JJG351-96
7) External resistance of millivolt thermometer: 10 ± 0.1Ω. (Including thermocouple, compensation wire, compensation thermocouple, cable and balance resistance).

Established in 1999, located at BDA Beijing, JOYO M&C is a high-tech company focusing on R&D and manufacturing of measurement and control instruments and integrated automation systems equipment for oil terminals, tank farms, refineries and petrochemical complexes.

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Improved Tank Gauging Topology

Fiber Ethernet Tank Farm Topology

The major cost in any tank gauging or tank farm automation project is the field wiring. Normally two-thirds (2/3) of the cost is for wire, conduit, electrical fittings, etc. The upgrade of older technology in the field is often delayed because of the capital needed to replace the communications infrastructure. This means the benefits are also delayed and costs you more money.

An ideal communications Topology would be designed to:

Reduce the cost of cabling vs. conventional wire
Increase the reliability and data throughput speed
Provide electrical isolation to field devices (against power surges and electrical storms)
Maintenance ease by using off the shelf components
Reduce system integration costs (electrical standards, protocols, communication devices, and software drivers)
Provide access to multiple users, i.e., Operations, Laboratory, Scheduling, Oil Movements, Engineering, Maintenance, Safety, Environmental, Marketing, Accounting, Management, and Corporate. On a local basis or an Enterprise solution (from/to anywhere via Intranet VPN)

From the Master Switch, fiber cable is run to field mounted industrial quality Smart Switches, thus establishing a Fiber Ethernet network. Depending upon the Smart Switch selected, one particular Master Switch can be cabled in a ring, i.e., a primary cable run with a return loop to the Master Switch.

The Master Switch sends a packet out over the primary fiber cable and awaits the receipt of the packet. If the packet is not returned, the Master Switch assumes that there is a fiber cable or switch problem. On the next communication, the packet is transmitted in both directions over the primary fiber cable and the return loop fiber cable. Diagnostics can then identify the location of the problem, i.e., device or fiber cable, as well as restore communication with all working network components.

The field installed Smart Switches then communicate to Ethernet devices (GSI CIM, E/RTU, NET/IFI, E/IFI, or E/TGI) or Ethernet ready Tank Gauges (MTG, CAP3, 2000/APTB).

It has installed systems using the Fiber Ethernet Topology since 1996. It is a field proven topology that reduces overall maintenance costs, and increases data throughput and speed. It allows communication for configuration and remote preventative maintenance with intelligent field devices.

FROM:Gauging Systems Inc.

 

Multifunctional Tank Gauge BJLM-80HA is designed for ambient and high pressure liquid tank gauge measurements. It has multiple functions measurements integrated in one gauge,  including measurement of level, density, temperature, water interface, and automatic calculation of volume and mass by temperature compensation for the liquid in the tank.

 

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Digital Density Meters

Compared to Pycnometers and Hydrometers
Digital density
Manual methods are being replaced by digital density meters for many critical reasons. Even though digital density meters are more expensive, it is a necessary investment.

This comparison datasheet gives a description, applications, and advantages and disadvantages for the following instruments:

Pycnometer
Hydrometer
Benchtop digital density meter
Handheld digital density meter

Manual methods for density measurements: Manual methods like pycnometers and hydrometers are widely used for the determination of density and related values, e.g. specific gravity, alcohol%, BRIX°, API degrees, Baumé, Plato, etc. Although these methods are easy to use and quite inexpensive, they require expertise in every step of the manual operation protocols, which often affects the accuracy and reliability of the results. Most often, different operators will obtain different results for the same sample.

Digital methods for automatic density measurement: Digital density meters use the oscillation tube technology to measure very accurately the density of a sample in a short time. In addition, benchtop digital density meters use a built-in Peltier thermostat to control the temperature of the sample. The measurement is started by pressing a key, after a short time the result appears on the screen and can be printed, sent to a computer or exported to LIMS.

FROM: METTLER TOLEDO

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Advantages of Tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement

Tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement have their advantages: They measure rate changes, can be viewed from long distances, and do not require power. But if accuracy is vital when measuring pressure, industrial analog tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement simply cannot compare to how precisely tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement measure pressure. Tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement offer many other advantages as well.

Advantages of tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement

Many applications for tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement require that they be used in temporary installations. Tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement, like the DG-10 digital pressure gauge, are suitable for a wide range of applications and industries, including mechanical engineering, hydraulics/pneumatics, pumps/compressors, and general service/test operations.

Since they may be transported around in the intervening periods during application, tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement feature a stainless steel case, well-designed battery housing, and robust electronics to ensure the longevity of the gauges and subsequent accuracy of readings. An optional rubber cover is available for additional protection for the DG-10.

The readings that tank gauge with density temperature mass measurement offer on digital displays are as fast as they are precise. When a local digital display is required, a digital pressure gauge, like the DG-10, is the ideal solution. They take the manual work out of calculating pressure by reading international measurement units including bar, psi, and MPa. The multi-function display also features a bar graph with a drag pointer and a MIN/MAX memory feature which can recall minimum and maximum pressure readings.

This article comes from wika edit released